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Wang Xuance fled to Tubo alone, and borrowed the Tubo army and the Nepalese army to march towards India.After three consecutive days of fighting, the Indian army was defeated.Tang Jun beheaded more than 2000 ranks, and drowned about [-] Indian soldiers in the water.Alona abandoned the city and fled. Jiang Shiren, the deputy envoy, caught up with him and captured him.This battle captured [-] men and women, and more than [-] cattle and horses.

During the reign of Tang Taizong, martial arts flourished, and the Tang Empire developed into the strongest and most culturally prosperous country in East Asia at that time.Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty vigorously promoted the government military system, used troops abroad many times, traveled all directions, and attacked the Turkic Khanate, Tuyuhun Khanate, Gaochang, Yanqi, Kucha and other Western Regions, and the Xueyantuo Khanate. The Western Regions and Qinghai were brought under the rule of the Tang Dynasty, and Goguryeo and Tubo were defeated, and Tubo became a vassal of the Tang Dynasty.

Therefore, the reputation of the Tang Dynasty spread far and wide.In addition, Taizong was able to respect the customs of foreign races, and set up the system of the guardian house. In the end of the world, the world was satisfied, and Taizong was respected by the surrounding tribes as "Heavenly Khan", and he built "Chaotian Khan Dao", which is a tribute to the Tang Dynasty. Tribute, even the tribes in Mobei, including Huihe, paid mink fur to the Tang Dynasty every year as a tax.Tang Taizong became the international leader of the Eastern world, and the country was able to enter a healthy world.

Tang Taizong realized the great power of the people from the magnificent peasant war, absorbed the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty, and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people.He emphasized people-oriented, and often said: "The people are water; the king is a boat. Water can carry a boat, but it can also capsize it."
At the beginning of Taizong's accession to the throne, he ordered that the corvees be light and the taxes should be light, so that the people could recuperate.Tang Taizong cherished the power of the people and never conscripted corvee easily.He suffered from gas disease and was not suitable for living in the damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time.

Taizong paid special attention to agricultural production economically. He implemented the land equalization system and the adjustment of rent and mediocrity, and rewarded land reclamation. development of.

In the early Tang Dynasty, taxation and corvee labor were slightly lighter than those in the Sui Dynasty, especially the collection of forced labor, which was more restrained, and attention should be paid not to take away the farming time.Rent and tax were exempted for disaster-stricken areas, and warehouses were opened for relief.In addition, government agencies have been tightened to save government expenses and reduce the burden on the people.And through the "mutual market" in exchange for a large number of livestock for farming.

Taizong carried out the system of land equalization and the adjustment of rent and mediocrity, paying attention to light corvee and thin tax, and the collection of corvee does not seize the time of the people; at the same time, Taizong advocated frugality, and once dismissed more than 3000 court ladies, and ordered the exemption of the Quartet's tribute, so that agriculture and people's livelihood can continue. develop.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos, the countryside was barren, and the people were displaced; Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty appeased the exiles to return to their hometowns, and gave them land for farming to stabilize people's livelihood.In the early Tang Dynasty, there were successive years of famine in Guanzhong. Emperor Taizong opened warehouses to relieve the victims, and allowed the people to eat in other states.

Tang Taizong attached great importance to the development of production and reduced the taxes and labor of farmers.The economic characteristic of the Chinese autocratic monarchy is "emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business".

The proportion of commerce in the national economy is quite low, so the status of merchants is several grades lower than that of farmers.This is also the main reason why China's autocratic monarchy economy has not achieved substantial development.

The Zhenguan Dynasty was an autocratic monarchy that did not discriminate against commerce. Not only did it not discriminate, but it also provided many convenient conditions for the development of commerce, which further reflected Tang Taizong's foresight.

Under his advocacy, the commercial economy of the Zhenguan Dynasty made rapid and considerable progress, and new commercial cities sprung up like mushrooms after rain.

At that time, more than half of the world's famous commercial cities were concentrated in China.In addition to Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, Mingzhou, and Fuzhou along the coast, there are Hongzhou (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Yangzhou, and Yizhou (Chengdu) in the inland, and Shazhou (Dunhuang, Gansu) and Liangzhou (Wuwei, Gansu) in the northwest.

The prosperity of the Tang Dynasty brought incomparable self-confidence to the rulers in foreign relations, so the Tang Dynasty was very open, the Silk Road trade was prosperous on the road and sea, and the "Silk Road" of world civilization
It is the link connecting the material civilizations of the East and the West, but this commercial channel only reached its highest value in the Tang Empire.The territory of the Tang Empire was unprecedentedly vast. Four important military towns (Anxi Four Towns) were established in the Western Regions, and the western border reached Shiguo (now Kazakhstan) in Central Asia.

It provided a stable social order and effective security guarantees for business travelers traveling between the East and the West. As a result, there were endless business trips on the Silk Road, and a wide variety of bulk goods were passed between the East and the West.

The "Silk Road" opened up since the Han Dynasty has always been the link between the material civilization of the East and the West. The Tang Dynasty had a vast territory and established four towns in Anxi in the Western Regions, which provided a stable social order and effective security for business travelers traveling between the East and the West. As a result, there are endless business trips on the Silk Road.

A wide variety of bulk goods were passed between the Eastern and Western worlds, making Silk Road a golden corridor for the entire world.

Tang Taizong Bu Dehuairou, ethnic relations are close.For the dependent ethnic groups, their lifestyles are generally not changed, and the social system respects their customs, and the leaders of each ethnic group are appointed to govern the headquarters.

Also through "harmony" to further develop ethnic relations.Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was honored as "Tian Khan" by ethnic minorities.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, there were Jihu disturbances in the east, Tuyuhun threats in the west, and Turkic invasions in the north, especially the Turkic armed forces ruled by slave owners and nobles. the main threat at the time.After Li Shimin ascended the throne.

After three or four years of hard work, the country's economic strength has improved significantly, and the political power has been consolidated to a certain extent, so the harassment of Turks has shifted from defense to counterattack.But at the same time, it adopts a soft policy towards the ethnic minorities around it.

In September of 626 (the ninth year of Wude), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said: "The king regards the whole world as one family, and within the domain, everyone is my child."
In 627 (the first year of Zhenguan), he also said: "I regard the world as my home."
In 644 (the 18th year of Zhenguan), he also said: "Yi and Di are also people's ears, and their feelings are not different from those of Zhongxia. If the owner suffers from Deze, there is no need to be jealous of the different. Gaide Zeqia, then the four barbarians can be like a family; If there are many suspicions, the flesh and blood will inevitably become enemies."
In 647 (the 21st year of Zhenguan), he also said: "Since ancient times, the Chinese people have been valued, and the barbarians have been cheap. I only love them as one, so they all depend on me like parents."
This kind of understanding and thought of Tang Taizong shows the benevolence and generosity in dealing with ethnic relations and Sino-foreign relations.Under the guidance of this thought and mind, the Zhenguan period carried out a very enlightened and friendly policy on ethnic relations and Sino-foreign relations.

In 630 (the fourth year of Zhenguan), after the Tang Dynasty destroyed the Eastern Turkic Khanate, it did not take the usual measures of separation and dismemberment in history, but adopted the policy of "all the tribes, follow the local customs".

Respect and preserve the social organization and customs of the Turks. From Youzhou (now Beijing) in the east to Lingzhou (now Ningxia) in the west, four prefectures of Shun, You, Hua, and Changzhou were set up to properly settle and belong to the Turks. , and set up Dingxiang and Yunzhong in the Turkic original residence to manage the Turkic residents.

The governors of these governorships are all headed by Turkic chiefs, who can be hereditary, and a new system of Jimifu and prefectures has been established.The policy of enlightened friendliness soon yielded good results.

In 647 (the 21st year of Zhenguan), Tang Taizong was supported by Huihe and other ethnic groups as "Tian Khan" and became the co-lord and supreme leader of all ethnic groups. All ethnic groups established a "Shentian Khan Road" in the south of Huihe and north of Turks. ", "Set up 68 stations, each with horses, wine and meat, for the passing envoys."

From then on, "the kings and chiefs of the Western Regions and the Northern Wilderness were given seals, and they were all called 'Emperor Tian Khan'. Those who died in the canals and marshals of the tribes must book their heirs." Canonized system.Tang Taizong also implemented the policy of peace with the Tubo and other ethnic minority regimes, and coordinated and strengthened the relationship with the surrounding ethnic groups in the form of marriage and family affection.

The long-term implementation of enlightened and friendly ethnic relations policies and systems in the Tang Dynasty greatly reduced the gap between the Han and ethnic minorities, enhanced the extensive complementarity and flesh-and-blood integration among various ethnic groups, and realized the grand situation of common development and progress of multiple ethnic groups.It was in the Tang Dynasty that the new name of the Chinese nation - "Tang people" was formed, which laid the foundation for the modern Chinese nation.

The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and the capital Chang'an was a cosmopolitan city.The Zhenguan Dynasty was one of the few open dynasties in Chinese history. There were not too strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of Chinese people, that is, there was no worry that the Chinese would forget their origins and ancestors after going out.

Don't worry about foreigners taking over the place after they come in.This alone shows the high self-confidence of the Zhenguan Dynasty, convinced that their country is the most civilized and prosperous land in the world, and they are not worried about being overwhelmed by foreign cultures.The national quality of the Zhenguan Dynasty is so high.

It neither discriminates nor flatters foreign nationals, neither blindly xenophobia nor "bringing doctrine", a great national spirit and kingly demeanor that are neither humble nor overbearing.

Foreigners in China are just like Chinese people in their own homes. They enjoy the same civil rights as Chinese people. Not only can they get rich, but they can also become officials.Many expatriates from Central and East Asian countries hold official positions in China, and some even serve as senior officials at the ministerial level.

In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also accepted batch after batch of foreign students to come to China to learn advanced culture. Only Japan's government-sponsored foreign students received seven batches, each with hundreds of people.

Non-governmental self-financed students far exceed this number.

After these Japanese students returned from their studies, they carried out the first modernization movement in Japan - "Dahua Reform", that is, the Sinicization movement. From the rules and regulations to the clothing customs, they all imitated the Zhenguan Dynasty at that time, making the The Japanese nation in a primitive tribal state leaped forward for 1000 years.

During the Zhenguan period, the early Tang Dynasty was in the rising stage of the empire, and the lack of Zhenguan rule was mainly manifested in the issue of Tang Taizong's own governance.

Reforming the emperor in accordance with the classic teachings of Confucianism has become the second best ideal for Confucian intellectuals since Wang Mang's death in chaos.

Mingjun Tang Taizong was the product of this ideal.This transformation and being transformed actually started after the Xuanwumen Incident.After the incident, Emperor Taizong was eager to gain the approval of public opinion, so he hit it off with Confucian intellectuals who harbored the ideal of "inner sage and outer king".

This combination has the characteristics of formalism and utilitarianism from the beginning.

In the long game of offering advice and accepting advice during the Zhenguan period, Tang Taizong and his officials became more and more formalistic.The ministers tried their best to suppress Taizong's selfish desires and bring him into the correct track of "inner sage and outer king", so they frequently remonstrated.Taizong accepted almost every remonstrance, and rewarded all those who made admonitions.

But there is little change in action: after rewarding the admonishing ministers, they will still go hunting if they want to go hunting; they will still build new palaces if they want to build a new palace.Therefore, the activity of reforming Tang Taizong eventually evolved into a simple activity of offering advice and accepting advice, and it was completely formalistic.

In the eighth year of Zhenguan, a small bureaucrat, Huangfu Decan, came in and said: "Your Majesty used to build the Luoyang Palace, which wasted people's energy; collecting land rent was too much; folk women like to wear high buns, and they also learned from the palace.

After hearing this, Emperor Taizong was furious: "This Huangfu Deshen, is it because the country does not requisition a labor force, does not collect a fight of land rent, and then all the maids of mine shave their heads, so he is satisfied?" "

As for the fact that he told Empress Changsun that he wanted to find a chance to kill Wei Zheng, the "Tian Shehan", he was naturally more famous.It was also in this year that Wei Zheng was sensitively aware of the subtle changes in Taizong's psychology. He said bluntly: "Your Majesty no longer likes to be blunt. Although he still reluctantly accepts it, he has long lost the open-mindedness of the past."
Also during this period, Wei Zheng began to use his "eye disease" as an excuse to repeatedly "seek to be a loose official".

In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), Wei Zheng had a memorial to systematically criticize the decline of the rule of Zhenguan. Be frugal and use manpower lightly." "For a few years, they have been exhausted by corvee labor, and the people in Guanzhong have suffered especially from labor."
It also revealed that Tang Taizong said that "the people are arrogant when they have nothing to do, and they are easy to use when they work hard."In terms of employing people, "In the past few years, people have liked and disliked them, or they have used them for good deeds, or they have been destroyed by one person and discarded;
The rule of Zhenguan was a great era in history. The people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the emperor's benevolent officials were dedicated to their duties and dared to speak out. All good things came from the hands of a man named Li Shimin. Therefore, Tang Taizong Li Shimin also became the Chinese emperor. The first place on the list, but some people say that the rule of Zhenguan is a scam.

First of all, there is no so-called rule of Zhenguan, even if there is, it is just Li Shimin's self-promotion, and the people themselves hope to have a great Mingjun, so that they can live and work in peace and contentment. This kind of thinking is also in line with the lazy nature of people.Secondly, even if there is a rule of Zhenguan, it should have nothing to do with Li Shimin.

Any good era is created by the people themselves. As long as the emperor implements benevolent government, does not force the people to do heavy corvee, and lets the people build their own homes, a "government" can be created.

Throughout history, it can be seen that as long as the emperor is caught in political struggle and has no time to take care of the people, an era of "government" will usher in.

In other words, the emergence of the rule of Zhenguan actually has little to do with Li Shimin.After Tang Taizong, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi asked the Minister of the Ministry of Households, Gao Xing, how much the population increased last year, and the answer was 15 households as before, which means that the total population during the Zhenguan period was 360 million households, while in the Sui Dynasty it was 870 million households. Sui and Tang wars Afterwards, the population has been greatly reduced, and food is supposedly not enough, but it is enough.

On the other hand, the Sui Dynasty left 100 years of food for the Tang Dynasty, that is to say, the rule of Zhenguan was raised with the food of the Sui Dynasty.

What is the reason for the emergence of the famous Zhenguan Reign in history?

In addition to the well-known prosperity, few people have thought about why the Zhenguan Reign appeared, and what efforts did Tang Taizong Li Shimin make for these?
The scene of the demise of the Sui Dynasty made Tang Taizong know the truth that "water can carry a boat and also overturn it", so Tang Taizong paid attention to observing the people's sentiments, and imposed light levies on the people to recuperate, making the society more and more stable.

Secondly, Tang Taizong knew very well that "the key to politics is to win people", so Tang Taizong recruited talents widely, and he didn't care about the origin and status of talents.

There is another point that Tang Taizong did better, that is, he was prepared for danger in times of peace, and often encouraged his courtiers to dare to advise directly, and he himself could accept advice with an open mind.In addition to these domestic political measures, there is absolutely no shortage of diplomatic relations.Tang Taizong attached great importance to strengthening national defense, not only to quell border troubles, but more importantly, Li Shimin was committed to improving ethnic relations, and also communicated with neighboring ethnic minorities.

Coexist peacefully and promote the common progress and prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and the ethnic minorities.Tang Taizong accepted Songtsan Gampo's request for marriage and married Princess Wencheng to Tubo, which not only enhanced the friendship between the two ethnic groups, but also enabled the mutual influence of the two ethnic groups' cultures and economic development.

From a historical point of view, it can be seen that the Sui and Tang Dynasties have changed, and the wars in these years have reduced the population. Therefore, less people and more land led to the emergence of Zhenguan rule, and Emperor Yang of Sui's excavation of the Grand Canal caused a waste of money and money, which further led to the demise of the Sui Dynasty. But these also prompted the emergence of the rule of Zhenguan.

Of course, the most important reason for the emergence of the Zhenguan Reign was Tang Taizong himself, who took the demise of the Sui Dynasty as a lesson from the past, and was good at employing people and courageously accepting advice, and has been properly adjusting the ruling policy.

All of the above are the reasons for the emergence of the rule of Zhenguan.

When it comes to Tang Taizong, many people will think of the rule of Zhenguan. When talking about the rule of Zhenguan, they will think of Tang Taizong. The rule of Zhenguan had a great influence on the society at that time and later generations.So what aspects did the Zhenguan rule that appeared during the Tang Taizong period include, and what impact did it bring?

The rule of Zhenguan is mainly reflected in the economic, political, military and diplomatic aspects. Economically, Uncle Li Shimin paid a lot of money and was frugal. He dismissed many court ladies in the palace, implemented the land equalization system and the adjustment of rent and mediocrity, and ordered the exemption of the Quartet's precious tribute, which made agriculture continue. develop.Not only that, Tang Taizong also provided relief to the poor and supported commerce. In the past, he had always had the characteristics of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce". Tang Taizong did not discriminate against commerce and provided many conveniences. Therefore, the economic development of Datang was also unprecedentedly prosperous.

Politically, Li Shimin selected talents and recommended talents, and followed advice like a stream. In order to seek talents, Li Shimin also improved the imperial examination system. As long as he had the talent to govern the country, he did not care about his background and status. This also made the Tang Dynasty full of talents. The situation of accelerated cultural development.Militaryly, Li Shimin pacified the Turks, went on an expedition to Koryo, established the Anbei Protectorate in Mobei, and the Shanyu Protectorate in Monan, etc., and was called "Tian Khan" by the ethnic minorities.

In terms of diplomacy, Li Shimin accepted a large number of foreign immigrants, and also received batch after batch of foreign students to come to China to learn advanced culture, which also made the culture of Datang get unprecedented integration and rapid cultural development.

It is precisely because of Tang Taizong's wisdom and benevolence that China has created a 130-year golden age.

In fact, there are many influences of the rule of Zhenguan, which are more or less influential in terms of system, economy, culture, etc., but if you want to express it more clearly, you can divide the influence of the rule of Zhenguan into two aspects, one One is the impact on the current world, and the other is the impact on future generations.

The main influences on the current world are as follows: During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin implemented various good governance, which made the officials honest and capable, the society stable, the people live and work in peace and contentment, and the economy developed rapidly, which established the foundation of the Tang Dynasty for 274 years; Appointment, do not ask the source.

Improving the imperial examination system improved the chances of common people to be high officials, cleared the old social concepts, and eased social conflicts; not only that, Tang Taizong revived culture and education, rewarded academics, and accepted immigrants and students from various countries, which promoted the spread of Tang culture;

In addition, Tang Taizong Li Shimin built Datang into the country with the most powerful culture, causing the Quartet to surrender, and was honored as "Tian Khan" by ethnic minorities, which further promoted the prestige of Datang; on the basis of strong culture, Li Shimin It also pacified the Turks, went on an expedition to Goryeo, etc., and further expanded the territory of the Tang Dynasty, which had a profound impact on the international status of the Tang Dynasty.

Besides the impact on later generations, in addition to the above-mentioned influences, the system of three provinces and six ministries, land equalization system, and imperial examination system implemented during the Tang Taizong period also had a profound impact on later generations;
And Li Shimin's own selection of talents and abilities, self-restraint and acceptance of advice have also become a good atmosphere, which has a certain exemplary effect on the style of later monarchs and their own requirements;

One more point must be mentioned that the modern unity of the 56 ethnic groups was also determined by Tang Taizong’s political attitude towards the ethnic minorities. Li Shimin adopted a gentle policy towards the ethnic minorities to achieve great national unity, and he also accepted people from various countries to immigrate diplomatically. , being an official, doing business and studying abroad.