Video Clip: Top 10 Women in Power

Qin Shihuang's life seemed to be a constant killing.

The ability of the first emperor in the ages to kill decisively is inseparable from his character.

Of course, this is also inseparable from the killing character of many generals under Qin Shihuang.

And these generals are all the top combat power of the Qin Dynasty.

For an example, let's go back in time to 231 BC.

King Jingmin of Wei was forced by the powerful power of Qin State to offer Liyi to Qin in order to slow down the troops.

At this time, Qin Wangzheng was mobilizing troops to launch a general attack on Zhao, but he did not want to disperse his troops to attack Wei, so he accepted the land offering.

This made Wei Guo maintain a mess for several years.

In the 22nd year of Qin Wangzheng, when the main force of the Qin army went south to attack Chu, Qin Wangzheng sent a young general Wang Ben to lead an army to besiege Daliang, the capital of Wei.

Because the Daliang city defense has been built for many years, it is extremely strong, and the Qin army cannot attack it by force.

A large number of soldiers of the Qin army were arranged to dig channels, draw water from the Yellow River and the Honggou, and pour them into the beams.

Three months later, the walls of Daliang were all destroyed, and King Wei had to surrender.The state of Wei fell.

The state of Chu claims to have millions of soldiers.

However, the internal affairs of the Chu State have always been sluggish, and the nobles are always fighting for power and profit. This situation was especially serious at the end of the Warring States Period.

King You of Chu died, and internal strife broke out in the ruling group.

King You's half-brother, Yu, ascended the throne as King Ai, but within two months, he was killed by his half-brother's apprentice.

When civil strife broke out in Chu State, Qin Wangzheng seized no opportunity to mobilize the Qin army from the front line of Yan Yan in the north to attack Chu in the south, and won more than 10 cities in Chu State in a row.

The decisive battle between Qin and Chu is about to begin.

Qin Wangzheng first sent young general Li Xin to lead 20 Qin troops to attack Chu, but was defeated by Chu troops.

Later, general Wang Jian was sent to attack Chu with 60 Qin troops.

Wang Jian entered the Chu territory and adopted troops to practice martial arts, but he couldn't get out of the strong wall.

In this way, after more than a year, the Qin army basically adapted to the situation in Chu. At the same time, the Chu troops who were transferred to fight against the Qin army gradually lost their fighting spirit, and with insufficient food and grass, they were ready to return east.

As soon as the Chu army withdrew, Wang Jian seized the opportunity and ordered the whole army to attack.

The Qin army defeated the main force of the Chu army in one fell swoop and marched into the interior, killing Xiang Yan, the commander-in-chief of the Chu army.

Then, the Qin army captured Shouchun, the capital of Chu, and captured King Chu of Chu, and the state of Chu perished.

The army of Qin State approached the border of Yan State.King Yan was in a state of panic all day long. Seeing that the state of Qin had wiped out the Three Jins, he was about to kill him, but there was nothing he could do.

Prince Dan of Yan came up with a desperate assassination plan, that is, the famous Jing Ke assassinated the King of Qin in history.

The assassination failed in the end, but Qin Wangzheng almost died under Jing Ke's dagger. He hated Yan State deeply, and immediately increased his troops to attack.

Qin general Li Xin led thousands of Qin troops, and pursued Prince Dan to Yanshui.

Prince Dan survived by lurking in the water.Later, after weighing the interests, King Xi of Yan sent someone to kill Prince Dan and dedicate his head to the State of Qin, hoping to obtain a truce and keep the State of Yan from perishing.

After Yan Wangxi fled to Liaodong, the main force of the Qin army was transferred to the south to attack Chu.In 222 BC, Wang Ben was ordered to attack the remnants of the Yan State in Liaodong, and captured Yan Wangxi, and the Yan State was completely destroyed.

In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang wiped out the six kingdoms, and began to formulate a strategy to attack the Xiongnu in the north and flatten Baiyue in the south.

Qin Shihuang ordered generals Tu Sui and Zhao Tuo to lead an army of 50 and launched a war to conquer the Yue people in Lingnan.

The Qin army divided into five groups, passing through Yuechengling in northern Guangxi, Jiuyi Mountain in southern Hunan, Nankang and Yugan in Jiangxi, and marched towards the Yue nationality in today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions.

Among them, those who captured Panyu passed through Jiuyi Fortress, went down the Beijiang River, went directly to the Pearl River Delta, and occupied Panyu.

However, because the Yue people were familiar with the terrain and were good at climbing mountains and wading, they attacked the Qin army at night, disturbing the Qin army terribly.

In order to reverse the difficult situation of insufficient troops, in 217 BC, Qin Shihuang ordered Yu Shilu to dig a Lingqu to connect the Xiangshui River and the Lishui River in what is now Xing'an County, Guangxi.

Lingqu connects the Xiangshui River and the Pearl River water system, and the food and salaries of the Qin army can be transported to Lingnan in an endless stream, which provides a reliable material guarantee for Qin Shihuang to complete the great cause of unifying Lingnan.

In 214 BC, Qin Shihuang ordered Ren Xiao and Zhao Tuo to attack the tribes of Baiyue again.

In order to maintain the stability of Lingnan, Qin Shihuang ordered the soldiers who marched into Lingnan to stay and "garrison" there.

In addition, a large number of people immigrated from the Central Plains to the Lingnan area.

The left-behind soldiers and immigrants, except for a few who married the immigrant women from the Central Plains, mostly married Yue women.They brought advanced culture, agriculture and handicraft technology to the Lingnan area, and made great contributions to the development of Lingnan.

The Qin Ping Lingnan war was an important part of Qin Shihuang's unification of China.For the first time in history, it officially incorporated Lingnan into China's territory, making the Yue nationality officially a member of the big family of the Chinese nation.

It plays an important role in promoting the integration of Han and Vietnamese nationalities and the development of Lingnan's social politics, economy and culture.

And the north is the problem of the Huns.

During the Warring States Period, the Xiongnu living in northern China had entered a slavery society.

They occupy the vast grassland areas in present-day Inner Mongolia and Ningxia.

At that time, the countries in the Central Plains were busy with wars and had no time to look north. The Xiongnu often raided the northern frontiers of Qin, Zhao, and Yan bordering them.

After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, in order to eliminate the threat of the Huns to Qin, he ordered Meng Tian to lead an army of 30 to attack the Huns in the north.

In the spring of 33, Meng Tian led the main force from Shangjun to the north of the Great Wall to attack the east; Yang Wengzi led a partial division from Xiaoguan to the Great Wall to attack the west.

The Huns were defeated and fled.Qin Sui took the land of Henan, set up 44 counties along the river, and immigrated to cultivate and defend.

In the autumn of the next year, Qin Shihuang reinstated Meng Tian's army and crossed the Yellow River north to take Gaoque.

The Huns were defeated and moved north.In order to consolidate the Henan area, Qin set up Jiuyuan County.

In order to prevent the Huns from going south, Meng Tian was ordered to recruit a large number of migrant workers to build the Great Wall stretching from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east on the basis of the Great Walls of Yan, Zhao and Qin, which played an important role in consolidating the frontiers in northern Qin.

The victory of the Qin Dynasty in counterattacking the Xiongnu was the first and heaviest blow to the invading forces of the Xiongnu nobles.The Xiongnu was forced to "migrate north" for more than ten years because "Touman could not defeat Qin".

Therefore, Jia Yi, a famous political commentator in the early Han Dynasty, said that "but the Huns were more than [-] miles away, the Hu people did not dare to go south to herd horses, and the scholars did not dare to bend their bows and complain."

Sang Hongyang also said: After Meng Tian counterattacked, "the Xiongnu were overwhelmed and did not dare to look south for more than ten years."

After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, in order to open up the southwest, because the people of all ethnic groups in the southwest had long-term exchanges with the inland, they decided to open up the southwest.

The first emperor sent Chang Ying to lead the southwestern Yi.

Because the traffic was hindered, Chang Yu mobilized people to dig a plank road from Yibin, Sichuan to Dianchi Lake, Yunnan. Because of "the location is dangerous" and "the road is only five feet wide", it is named Wuchi Road.After the opening of the plank road, the forces of the Great Qin Dynasty directly arrived in Qilan, Yelang, Qiongdu, Kunming and other places, and set up officials here to establish administrative institutions.

At the same time, Qin passed through Shu County, strengthened its connection with Qiongdu, Ruo, and Ran, and incorporated them into the administrative system of the county system.

Therefore, Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty said: "Qiong, Ruo, and Ran are close to Shu, and the roads are easy to communicate. In Qin, they were often used as prefectures and counties, and they stopped when the Han Dynasty flourished."

Since then, the ethnic minority areas in Southwest China have not only strengthened their relationship with the interior, but also become part of a unified multi-ethnic country.

Qin Shihuang opened up remote areas such as the southeast, Lingnan, southwest, and north. In this vast territory, under the management of a state regime, people of all ethnic groups lived and formed a unified multi-ethnic country. Both Chinese history and world history have extremely huge and far-reaching significance.

The Qin Dynasty was so famous that "Qin people" became a synonym for China very early on.

As a man, Qin Shihuang not only knew how to fight, but also how to govern the country.

After unifying China, Qin Shihuang began his rule of benevolence.

He adopted two main ways to unify the currency: one is to unify the minting of coins by the state, severely punish private minting, and put the right to manufacture currency in the hands of the state.

The second is to unify the two currencies, that is, the upper currency gold and the lower currency copper coins.Change gold to "yi" as the unit, and one yi is 20 taels.The unit of copper coins is "half two", and the word "half two" is clearly cast on gold coins.

Beginning in 222 BC, Qin Shihuang began to build a large number of roads extending in all directions with the capital Xianyang as the center, similar to modern highways.

Run along the road and implement "vehicles on the same track", with an average width of [-] steps.There are several functions of Chidao. One is to facilitate transportation and facilitate the management of the old lands of the six countries.

In order to facilitate the transportation of troops and materials needed for the conquest of Lingnan, Shi Lu was ordered to dig canals to connect the Xiangjiang River in the Yangtze River system and the Lijiang River in the Pearl River system.The canal was finally completed in the 20th to 23rd year of Qin Shihuang.

Since the Yin and Shang Dynasties, writing has gradually become popular.

Bronze inscriptions, which are official characters, are relatively consistent in shape.However, there are regional differences in the weapons, pottery inscriptions, silk scripts, bamboo slips and other folk writings of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.This situation has hindered the economic and cultural exchanges between different regions, and also affected the effective implementation of the policies and decrees of the central government.

Therefore, after Qin unified the Central Plains, Qin Shihuang ordered Li Si and others to organize and unify the writing.

Based on the big seal script commonly used by Qin people during the Warring States period, Li Si absorbed the advantages of simple and simple strokes in tadpole script popular in Qilu and other places, and created a new character with uniform, round, neat and simple strokes, called "Qin seal script", also known as "Xiaozhuan" is used as the official standard text, and other variant characters are abolished at the same time.

In addition, a government official named Cheng Miao was imprisoned in Yunyang Prison for a crime. During his 10 years in prison, he made a thorough investigation of a change in the evolution of fonts at that time (later called "Libian"). Summarize.

This move was appreciated by Qin Shihuang, so he was released and promoted to censor, and ordered him to "fix the book" and formulate a new font, which is "official script".Official script broke the tradition of ancient Chinese characters, laid the foundation of regular script, and improved writing efficiency.