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Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to criticize himself with the "edict of guilt".

In the fourth year of Zhenghe (89 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty announced to the world that he had caused suffering to the people, and that he would no longer resort to military force, labor the people and waste money.This is the "Luntai Guilt Edict".

This edict is the first imperial edict in Chinese history.

Emperor Wu dared to sin against himself and put his own faults in the hearts of the world. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is undoubtedly No.1!
At this point, when future emperors made a big mistake, they would also issue a "crime edict" to publicly admit their mistakes and show the posture of a wise king.

Ji An, who was outspoken and dared to remonstrate, once criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The emperor killed too many people, and he would not forgive even people he trusted on weekdays. This is not an act of a wise emperor.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unmoved, and smiled indifferently: It is often insufficient to recruit scholars and bureaucrats.However, the nature is serious, although the ministers have always loved and believed, some of them have violated the law, or deceived others, and they will be punished without mercy.

Ji An remonstrated, "Your Majesty has worked so hard to seek talents, and you have killed them before you can make full use of them."With a limited number of people, let them be punished endlessly, and the minister fears that the world's talents will be exhausted. Who will your majesty rule together?I am very angry.

He smiled and said: "When is there no talent?"The patient cannot recognize the ear.If you can know it, why is there no one?The husband's so-called talent is still a useful tool, and he is unwilling to use it to the full.It's the same as having no talent, what can you do if you don't kill?

It was such a Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who regarded people as worthless, and on the one hand, he loved and cherished talents.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty abandoned the orthodoxy and tolerated the heterogeneous. He discovered Dongfang Shuo with his discerning eyes, and turned the solemn court hall into a lounge full of warmth and happiness. The monarch and ministers were like playmates;

When he first read "Zi Xu Fu", he admired him greatly; seeing the author Sima Xiangru, he felt like a treasure, and let him enjoy the same writing treatment as himself.

Being able to know and employ people, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is unique throughout the ages.

Sima Qian praised and criticized him in "Historical Records", and Ban Gu's "Han Shu Wu Di Ji" praised his literary governance:

Ban Guzan said: "When Xiaowu was first established, Zhuoran dismissed hundreds of schools, published the six classics, and consulted with the sea, and praised him for his meritorious service.

Promoting Taixue, cultivating suburban rites, correcting Shuo, determining calendar numbers, harmonizing rhythms, composing poems and music, establishing Fengfeng Zen, worshiping gods, after Shao Zhou, orders and articles can be described, and descendants have to follow Hongye, and there are three generations of style.

Just like Emperor Wu's great talent and general plan, he did not change his literary style to be respectful and thrifty to benefit the people. Although it is said in poems and books, how can it be added?

When it comes to Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", it is also a combination of praise and criticism:
Chen Guang said: Xiaowu is extravagant and lustful, heavy punishments are imposed, the palace is extravagant at home, and foreign affairs are barbarians.

Believe in gods and monsters, parade endlessly.

It made the people tired and turned into thieves, and there are few people who are different from Qin Shihuang.

However, when the Qin Dynasty died and the Han Dynasty prospered, Xiaowu was able to respect the way of the ancestors, know what to rule, and accept the words of loyalty and honesty.

The wicked deceive, the virtuous are tireless, and the punishment and reward are strict.It's too late to change, and I care about people.Is this why there is the loss of Qin's death and the disaster of Qin's death?
But in his later years, Liu Che indiscriminately killed ministers and princes because of the scourge of witchcraft, which aroused criticism from later generations.

Emperor Wu's usage was strict, and most of the officials he appointed were harsh and cruel officials;
But the prince is generous to others, and often lightly punishes some things that he thinks the punishment is too heavy.

Although the crown prince won the hearts of the people by doing so, the ministers of law enforcement were not happy.

"Wei Qing died, and the ministers had no evidence to return to their foreign families, and they competed to form a prince."

Among the officials, those who are generous are attached to the prince.

Those with harsh usages all slandered the prince.

Because most of the treacherous courtiers formed a party, so few good things were said for the prince, and many bad things were said.

After Wei Qing's death, those courtiers thought that the prince no longer had the backing of his mother's family, so they raced to frame the prince.

Before the disaster of witchcraft, the prince had been framed by Su Wen and others several times.

At that time, people believed in the curse of gods and monsters, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was no exception.

One day at noon, while he was sleeping in bed, he suddenly dreamed of thousands of wooden men holding sticks hitting him, which woke him up.

He thought someone was cursing him, and immediately sent Jiang Chong to track it down.

Jiang Chong led the Hu wizards to dig everywhere to find wooden men, and arrested those who used witchcraft to harm people.

He also ordered people to sprinkle blood on some places in advance, and then interrogated the arrested people, and pointed out those blood-stained places as the places where they used sorcery to harm people.

So the common people falsely accused each other of using witchcraft to harm others; the officials often impeached others for treason.

From the Chang'an and Sanfu areas of the capital to the counties and countries, tens of thousands of people died because of this.

Gongsun Jingsheng, the son of Prime Minister Gongsun He, was a servant at the time. He was arrogant and extravagant and did not obey the law. He used 1900 million military expenditures without authorization.

At that time, Emperor Wu ordered Zhu Shi'an, the hero of Yangling, to be wanted. In order to redeem his son, Gongsun He asked the emperor to let him hunt him down, and Emperor Wu agreed.

After going through hardships, Gongsun He captured Zhu Shi'an and transferred him to the imperial court. His son's crimes will be pardoned.

Unexpectedly, Zhu Shi'an held a grudge in his heart, and said with a smile: "The prime minister is a disaster for Zong. The bamboo in the Nanshan Mountain is not enough to accept my resignation, and the trees in the inclined valley are not enough to be my weapon."

So he wrote a letter to the court in prison, claiming that Gongsun Jingsheng had an affair with Princess Yangshi, the daughter of Emperor Wu, and that he buried wooden figures on the emperor's special road to curse the emperor.

Emperor Wu was furious, Gongsun He and his son died in prison, and the whole family was copied and beheaded.

Princess Yangshi, Princess Zhuyi, and Wei Qing's son Changping Hou Wei were implicated and killed one after another.

Jiang Chong saw that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could kill his own daughter, so he acted more confidently and boldly.

He asked the wizard to tell Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "Someone in the palace cursed the emperor, and the qi was very strong. If those wooden figures are not dug out, the emperor's illness will not be cured."

Jiang Chong brought a large group of people to the palace to find the wooden man.

They started from the harem, which was alienated from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and searched all the way to the living rooms of Empress Wei and Prince Liu Ju.

In order to frame Prince Liu Shi, Jiang Chong took out the prepared wooden man while others were not paying attention, and publicized: "The most wooden man was excavated from the crown prince's womb, and a silk book written by the prince was found, which said to curse the emperor. if."

Prince Liu Juzhao asked the young Fu Shide, and Shi De said: "Prime Minister Gongsun He's family, the two princesses, and Changping Houwei and his wife all died of witchcraft. Indeed, the emperor is recovering from his illness in Ganquan Palace, and now he cannot see the emperor at all."

Suggesting that the prince go beyond his authority, arrest Jiang Chong and others and pursue their conspiracy, the prince agrees with Shi De in a hurry.

In the seventh month of the second year of Zhenghe, at Renwu, the prince sent someone to pretend to be an envoy to arrest Jiang Chong and others.

Jiang Chong's assistant Han said that he doubted the identity of the messenger and refused to accept the edict, so he was killed by the visitor.

The prince sent someone to report to the queen, and distributed weapons to the guards.

At that time, Su Wen, another assistant of Jiang Chong, fled to Emperor Wu and accused the prince to Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu didn't believe this at first, so he sent an envoy to summon the prince, but the envoy didn't dare to go to the prince. Minister, minister flees and returns."

Emperor Wu was furious and ordered Prime Minister Liu Qumao to lead his troops to quell the chaos.

The prince came to the south gate of the northern army camp, stood in the car, summoned Ren An, the envoy of the northern army, awarded the talisman, and ordered Ren An to send troops.

But after Ren Anbai received the talisman festival, he returned to the camp and stayed behind closed doors.The prince led people away and forcibly armed tens of thousands of citizens in the four cities of Chang'an. Outside the west gate of Changle Palace, he met the army led by the prime minister Liu Qumao. They fought fiercely with the prime minister's army for five days, and tens of thousands of people died.

There were rumors in Chang'an that the prince was rebelling against him, so people did not dare to attach himself to him, but the prime minister's troops continued to strengthen. In the end, the prince was alone and weak, so he had to escape from Chang'an.

The gatekeeper Tian Ren let the prince escape from Chang'an. The prime minister Liu Qumao wanted to kill Tian Ren. !"

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious when he heard about it, and arrested and punished him.

Asked him: "Si Zhi let go of the traitor, the prime minister killed him, it is to enforce the law of the country, why do you want to stop it?"

Emperor Wu ordered Zongzheng Liu Changle and Zhijinwu Liu Gan to accept the queen's seal, and Wei Zifu chose to commit suicide.

Emperor Wu cut Ren An and Tian Ren in half, and all the followers of the prince were executed;
All those who follow the prince to send troops will be exterminated for the crime of treason; all officials and soldiers at all levels who are coerced by the prince without their original intentions will be exiled to Dunhuang County.

At the same time, Emperor Wu granted him the title of Marquis because of his meritorious service in hunting down the prince.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry, and the officials felt worried and fearful, and they didn't know what to do.

The three elders of Huguan ordered Gu Mao to write a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to avenge the crown prince.

He claimed that if the prince enters, he will not be able to see his superiors, and if he retreats, he will be trapped by rebellious officials. innocent heart.

The prince fled eastward to Hu County (now west of Lingbao, Henan Province) and hid in Quanjiu.

The master's family is poor, and he often weaves and sells straw sandals to support the prince.

The prince had a former acquaintance who lived in Hu County and heard that he was very rich. The prince sent someone to call him, so the news leaked.

In August Xinhai (the eighth day of the lunar new year), local officials rounded up the prince.Knowing that he could not escape, the prince returned to the house and hanged himself to death.The master died in a fight with those who were arresting the prince, and the two grandsons of the emperor were also killed.

The crown prince had three sons and one daughter. His grandson Liu Jin (the father of Liu Xun) was named in the history books. All of them were killed because of the witchcraft rebellion, leaving only one grandson, Liu Bingji, who later changed his name to Liu Xun and became Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.

For a long time, there are many things about witchcraft that I don't believe in.

Officials and common people reported each other on the crime of witchcraft harming people, but after investigation, it was found that most of them were false.

Knowing that the crown prince is terrified and has no other intentions, he will go to sleep, and Tian Qianqiu will change suddenly. He sues the crown prince, saying: "The son cheated his father's soldiers, and the crime should be flogged; the son of the son of the emperor killed someone by mistake, so why stop it! I dreamed of a pulsatilla minister. Word."

So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to his senses, and immediately appointed Tian Qianqiu as Da Honghe, and ordered Jiang Man's gate to be executed, and Su Wen to be burned to death on the cross bridge.

Those who had fought against the prince were also killed one after another.