Xueba's life simulator

Two results
"In this experiment, we perform direct point recordings from human dendrites and report enhanced electrical compartmentalization in layer [-] pyramidal neurons. Compared with rat dendrites, human distal dendrites contribute to somatic Excitation is limited, even in the presence of dendritic spikes.

Human cell bodies also exhibited fewer bursts due to reduced recruitment of dendritic electrogenesis.Finally, we show that reduced ion channel density leads to higher input resistance and underlies reduced coupling in human dendrites.

Finally, we conclude that increasing the length of human neurons changes their input-output properties, which will impact cortical computation. "

At this time, Zhou Ming was sitting in the office, explaining the experimental results of the two experimental studies to his supervisor, and what he is now talking about is the research results on how human cortical neurons affect the integration of dendrites .

In Bi Wanfang's office at this time, apart from Zhou Ming and Bi Wanfang, there are also Lu Yongsi, who is about to graduate with a doctorate, and Cheng Banxue, who is about to graduate with a master's degree, as participants in this experiment. Together, they listened carefully to Zhou Ming describing the results of their experiment to Bi Wanfang.

After this month's experiment, the two of them completely believed what their mentor said at the dinner table at the beginning of the month. Zhou Mingming was indeed capable of being their teacher, and indeed capable of being a professor of biology. One has been completely convinced by Zhou Ming's ability.

If it is said that Lu Yongsi and Cheng Banxue's respect for their mentor is more a kind of natural awe that students have for their teachers, then they have a kind of respect for Zhou Ming from the bottom of their hearts.

Awe means both reverence and fear.

To reverence means to give special respect.

The difference between the two can be seen at a glance.

Not to mention anything else, just talking about the ability to memorize and understand documents and the experience of doing experiments, they all felt that there was a huge gap between themselves and Zhou Ming.

What they don't understand during the experiment, just ask Zhou Ming, Zhou Ming can answer it almost without thinking, and will recommend which documents they can read when they have time. The first author, the publication date of the document, and the journal in which the document was published are all stated.

This month's experiment experience gave them much more experience than the two of them gained from doing experiments in the laboratory for a year, which naturally made them feel admiration for Zhou Ming.

It is precisely because of these characteristics of Zhou Ming that people who do experiments with him have a very good impression of him every time. Quan Shuang and Geng Xu were like this before, and now Lu Yongsi and Cheng Banxue are like this.

"Can you explain in more detail?" After hearing what Zhou Ming said, Bi Wanfang felt that what Zhou Ming said was too brief, and wanted Zhou Ming to explain in more detail, so he asked Zhou Ming again.

Since Bi Wanfang asked so, Zhou Ming began to explain to Bi Wanfang the process of his experiment and some experimental results in more detail.

"We performed whole-cell recordings from layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons in acute human brain slices obtained from the anterior temporal lobe of neurosurgical patients. Human somata are less excitable compared to rat time-associated cortex …Our results suggest that somatic inputs are unlikely to be involved in dendritic electrogenesis to trigger bursts in human L[-] neurons.

In order to directly evaluate the properties of human apical dendrites, we made a full record of dendritic cells up to 1834um from somatic cells, this is the record picture..." Zhou Ming pointed to the record picture in his hand, and at the bottom of the picture was written "Increased input resistance in human dendrites" and other words.

"Rodent L5 apical dendrites are known to have a high density of ion channels, including hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, leading to low input resistance and pronounced voltage dips...although human distal dendrites Prominent enrichment of HCN channels in synapses, but higher resistance suggests that human dendrites may have less open conductance when forbidden...

Next, we measured signaling by multioccupant dendritic or somatodendritic recordings.The voltage spreading toward the soma is conserved in rat and human dendrites for similar distances.There is no statistical difference in the half-attenuation points.However, because human dendrites are much longer, the attenuation experienced by distal dendrites is much more pronounced..."

Speaking of the results in detail, there is a lot to say, and there are many pictures, which cannot be finished in a few words like just now, so Zhou Ming explained their first research to Bi Wanfang in detail. After the result, more than ten minutes had passed since he started to speak.

This first study is an experiment on how human neurons affect dendrite integration. It requires a lot of reagents and other resources. One of the biological samples it needs is a human excised temporal lobe cortex. This thing is not random. can get it.

Fortunately, the University of Science and Technology of China has several affiliated hospitals, and the human temporal lobe cortex removal that Zhou Ming used for experiments was obtained from that hospital.

Additional chemicals such as sucrose, sodium pyruvate, sodium L-ascorbate, isopropanone, tetrodotoxin, peptides, and recombinant proteins are required.

In addition to matter, there is also a lot of knowledge other than biology, such as biophysical modeling, creating analysis tools, etc. Fortunately, Zhou Ming can handle these by himself.

Soon, Zhou Ming started talking about the second research project.

"We investigated the response and functional consequences of NK cell interactions in the context of peripheral nerve injury in adult mice.

Our results identify cytotoxic NK cells as a novel cellular trigger of specific degeneration of damaged primary axons that remain attached to the cell body in the injured PNS.

Enhancing this NK cell-dependent degeneration mechanism increases the clearance of damaged axons, resulting in reduced levels of mechanical hypersensitivity after injury.This finding provides new insights into the immune mechanisms underlying the clearance of damaged axons and suggests the therapeutic potential of interventions that modulate NK cell function.

NK cells are normally activated by the cytokine interleukin-2, which primes them for a cytotoxic attack by increasing the intracellular content of granzyme B... We did not find lysis of acute isolates by lactate dehydrogenase release cytotoxicity assay Evidence for cytolysis of adult DRG neurons, even at higher effector-to-target ratios, although some neurites appear to be truncated..."

The second one studies the effect of degeneration of sensory axons after separation from the cell body on partial damage of peripheral nerves. The experimental resources required are mainly extracted from experimental rats.

After Zhou Ming finished speaking, Bi Wanfang nodded and said to Zhou Ming: "You led these two experiments, and the results are very good. You can get the school's graduation certificate with the thesis of these two experimental results. and degree certificate."

"I really didn't expect you to be able to complete two such experiments and get the experimental results in less than a month with only three people. You are the one who has seen me for so many years since I went to school. It is the first doctoral student who can graduate in less than a month after the start of the semester.” When talking about this, Bi Wanfang was a little emotional, Zhou Ming was just an undergraduate student majoring in bioengineering at the Metallurgical University three months ago. It's only been a few months now, not only is he already a professor of mathematics, but he is almost graduating with a Ph.D., and he is about to become a professor of biology.

Is there really such a person in the world?I'm afraid even if Einstein was alive, he would feel strange about Zhou Ming's unimaginable change and speed of progress!Bi Wanfang thought so in his heart.

After talking to Zhou Ming, Bi Wanfang looked at his two graduate students, Lu Yongsi and Cheng Banxue, who were about to graduate, and said to them: "You should have learned a lot from this one-month experiment with Zhou Ming. Now that the experiments are over, you should sort out and publish the papers as soon as you go back. Although you are not the first author, just participating in these two experiments is enough for you to add to your research and job hunting in the future. A lot of experience."

As a master or doctoral student, if you complete the whole experiment independently and write the thesis yourself, then the first author is yourself, and the corresponding author usually signs your supervisor, because he is for you The person who provides the funds.

Of course, if some of your senior brothers and sisters helped you complete part of the content and they also want to be named, they will usually be ranked behind you, that is, the second author or the third author.

But usually the first author is the person who represents the greatest contribution, and the corresponding author is the first person in charge of the paper.

A paper will only look at the first author and the corresponding author, and the others, whether it is the second author or the third author, are just soy sauce.

The corresponding author of Zhou Ming's two papers will also be Bi Wanfang. After all, since he can't get a Ph. In this way, first find a supervisor, then do experiments and publish papers, and then get a doctorate certificate.

(End of this chapter)